Guillaume Dufay, composer, biography, discography

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	Guillaume Dufay
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Dufay, Guillaume


	GUILLAUME DUFAY

By Jerome F. Weber

From December 1414 to March 1418 the Council of Constance was the largest gathering in the world. In addition to 183 bishops, there were 18,000 churchmen, including theologians, abbots, monks and other clerics. More than 50,000 visitors, including many secular princes, came to the city, creating a festive atmosphere. In the end, one pope (John XXIII of Pisa) was deposed with his consent, another pope (Gregory XII of Rome) resigned, and a third pope (Benedict XIII of Avignon) was deposed against his will. A new pope, Martin V, was elected, reuniting the Catholic Church after 40 years of the Western schism.

Every bishop and prince brought his chapel with him to celebrate the Mass and Office. There may have been 1700 musicians present. One of the leading figures at the council was Cardinal Pierre d’Ailly (1350-1420), who had been a tireless moving force towards ending the schism for many years. D’Ailly had been bishop of Cambrai from 1397 to 1411, and he took part in the Council of Pisa in 1409, which attempted to end the schism but only succeeded in doubling the number of antipopes. In 1411 he was named a cardinal by Pope John XXIII, and then left Cambrai. He took up residence at Limoges and then at Orange. His successor was Jehan de Lens, who also attended the council from its second month.

Guillaume Dufay, a boy of 17 years who would become the greatest composer of his time, was a cleric in Cambrai at the time. Despite the lack of any documentation, it seems to be beyond doubt that Dufay attended the Council, probably in the chapel of Jehan de Lens. He had entered the cathedral school as a choirboy in August 1409 after three months of instruction. When his voiced changed, he remained at the cathedral as a cleric. In 1414 he was given a chaplaincy at the altar of the Salve in the collegiate church of St. Géry in Cambrai. He retained this benefice until he became a canon of the cathedral 22 years later.

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